Justia U.S. 5th Circuit Court of Appeals Opinion Summaries

BVS, a company owned by Palasota, and Palasota separately filed voluntary Chapter 11 bankruptcy petitions. An amended 2015 “joint” reorganization plan described the amounts BVS owed a secured creditor, Prosperity, and provided that Prosperity would have an Allowed Secured Claim of $1,812,472.43, to be paid based upon a 120-month amortization with interest at 5% per annum. Commencing on November 8, 2015, BVS was to make 59 equal payments of $19,224.72; the 60th payment would be of all outstanding principal and interest. Palasota, individually and on behalf of BVS, signed the 2015 Plan, which was confirmed. For 38 consecutive months, BVS made payments, which Prosperity applied to BVS’s principal and interest obligations.BVS then stopped making its monthly payments and, in 2019, again filed for bankruptcy. In the second bankruptcy, Prosperity filed a proof of claim for $1,333,695.84. After a hearing, the bankruptcy court allowed Prosperity’s claim. The district court and Fifth Circuit affirmed. BVS’s claim objection is barred by res judicata because Prosperity’s claim in the second bankruptcy—as it relates to whether Prosperity’s claim in the 2015 Plan was correct—arises out of the same transaction that was the subject of the 2015 Plan and BVS could have made this argument in the first bankruptcy but did not. View "BVS Construction, Inc. v. Prosperity Bank" on Justia Law

After a grocery went bankrupt, a creditor filed a proof of claim for about $325,000, the balance on a loan it had made to the grocery. In the business's Chapter 11 plan, the bankruptcy court awarded the creditor the grocery store and the land where it was located. After assessing the value of the property at $225,000, the bankruptcy plan reduced the outstanding balance on the loan to $100,000, which the owners of the grocery remained liable for. The owners then filed for bankruptcy and the creditor again filed a proof of claim for the entire debt. The creditor argued that the $225,000 credit against the guaranteed loans should not apply in the owners' personal bankruptcy, because the store had not yet been transferred and the vacant property had declined in value.The Fifth Circuit concluded that the terms of the first bankruptcy are binding in the second bankruptcy. The court explained that, under section 1141(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the provisions of a confirmed bankruptcy plan bind both the debtor and its creditors. Therefore, the creditor is bound by the provision of the first bankruptcy plan awarding it the grocery store in exchange for a fixed-value credit against the guaranteed debt. Accordingly, the court affirmed the district court's judgment upholding the bankruptcy court's orders sustaining the owners' objection and confirming their individual bankruptcy plan. View "New Falls Corp. v. LaHaye" on Justia Law

The Fifth Circuit held that 11 U.S.C. 363(m) forecloses the creditor's appeal of last-minute modifications to the terms of a bankruptcy sale because it failed to seek the required stay of the Sale Order. The court explained that Am. Grain Ass'n, 630 F.2d at 248, and In re Sneed Shipbuilding, Inc., 916 F.3d 405, 408 (5th Cir. 2019), are controlling in this case and thus the Committee's contentions to the contrary are unavailing. Accordingly, the court affirmed the district court's ruling that the Committee's appeal was statutorily moot under section 363(m). View "The Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors of Walker County Hospital Corp. v. Walker County Hospital District" on Justia Law

After the bankruptcy court awarded fees to the bankruptcy debtor's counsel for work performed prior to the appointment of a trustee, creditors appealed the fee award to the district court. The Fifth Circuit reversed the district court's vacatur of the fee award, concluding that the district court improperly assessed the benefit of counsel's services to the estate from hindsight, rather than assessing the reasonableness and likely benefit from the time the services were rendered. Accordingly, the court remanded for the district court to reinstate the bankruptcy court's fee award; denied the motion to dismiss the trustee from the appeal for lack of standing; denied the motion to dismiss as moot; and denied as moot the alternative motion to vacate the district court's judgment. View "Edwards Family Partnership, LP v. Johnson" on Justia Law

Texas and Oklahoma oil and gas producers challenge the bankruptcy court's grant in part and denial in part of Deutsche Bank's motion for partial summary judgment in a lien priority dispute. The competing security interests arose out of proceeds from the sale of oil that debtor purchased from appellants before declaring bankruptcy.The Fifth Circuit affirmed the bankruptcy court's order, holding that the bankruptcy court did not err in holding that the warranty of title did not waive the Producers' rights to assert a lien under either Texas UCC 9.343 or the Oklahoma Lien Act; because the warranties did not waive Producers' claims to proceeds in the hands of debtor, the Bank's reliance is misplaced on cases where producers attempted to collect from purchasers downstream of the first purchasers; and following Fishback Nursery, Inc. v. PNC Bank, N.A., 920 F.3d 932, 939-40 (5th Cir. 2019), Delaware law governs the competing priorities under either Texas choice of law or the federal independent judgment test. The court affirmed the bankruptcy court's conclusion that the Bank's interests in the disputed collateral prime any interests held by the Texas Producers. Furthermore, the bankruptcy court correctly dismissed the Producers' affirmative defenses of estoppel, unclean hands, and waiver. View "Deutsche Bank Trust Co. v. U.S. Energy Development Corp." on Justia Law

After debtor filed for Chapter 13 bankruptcy, his bankruptcy plan proposed retention of his GMC Sierra, "cram down" of the loan for the purchase of the Sierra, and surrender of the Toyota Camry as collateral for the purchase of the Camry. The bankruptcy court approved the plan, but the district court reversed.The Fifth Circuit affirmed the district court's judgment. The court explained that the text of 11 U.S.C. 1325(a)(5) does allow debtors to select a different option "with respect to each allowed secured claim." However, allowing a debtor to select a different section 1325(a)(5) option for each claim is different from allowing a debtor to select different options for different collateral securing the same claim. While section 1325(a)(5) allows the former, it does not allow the latter: its use of the conjunction "or" between the options provided in subsection (A), (B), and (C) makes it clear that debtors may choose only one of those three options for each claim. The court stated that a plan violates that requirement when it selects different options for different collateral securing the same claim. Furthermore, Williams v. Tower Loan of Mississippi, 168 F.3d 845 (5th Cir. 1999), which held that debtors must select the same section 1325(a)(5) option for all of the collateral securing a single claim, supports the court's decision. In this case, for the plan to be approvable under section 1325(a)(5), the plan must select the same section 1325(a)(5) option for both items of collateral securing the Camry Loan—the Camry and the Sierra. View "Evolve Federal Credit Union v. Barragan-Flores" on Justia Law

This case concerns challenges to a 2017 law imposing a temporary but substantial increase in quarterly fees for large Chapter 11 debtors. The Fifth Circuit held that the fee increase is constitutional and applies in this case. The court agreed with the bankruptcy court and its sister circuits that "disbursements" includes all payments a debtor makes. The court explained that, because "disbursements" include all the payments Buffets made in 2018, its roughly $60 million of quarterly disbursements qualify for the heightened fees. The court concluded that the Amendment applies to cases like Buffets' that were pending when the Amendment took effect. The court explained that the 2017 Amendment is prospective and the court found no uniformity problem.The court held that the fee increase easily survives rational basis review where it addresses a shortfall in the U.S. Trustee System Fund, the fee increase is directly tied to the deficit, and it is reasonable to have large debtors shore up the system's finances as their cases typically place greater burdens on the system. Furthermore, taxes and user fees are not takings under the Fifth Amendment. In this case, Buffets had disbursements exceeding $1 million for each of the first three 2018 quarters. The court concluded that the fee increase applies to those disbursements even though the case was pending before the increase became law and the fee increase is constitutional. Accordingly, the court reversed and remanded for modification of the fee orders. View "Hobbs v. Buffets, LLC" on Justia Law

The Fifth Circuit reversed the district court's decision affirming the bankruptcy court's denial of plaintiff's motion for leave to amend. In this case, plaintiff sought to amend his complaint to include allegations that the Brewer & Pritchard attorneys assured him during a brief recess during bankruptcy proceedings that they would treat the bankruptcy court's proposed fees as part of plaintiff's "Gross Recovery" under his written agreement with Brewer & Pritchard.The court held that had plaintiff been granted leave to amend his complaint, his proposed claims—whatever their merit—would not have been subject to dismissal under the doctrine of res judicata. The court explained that the "conduct" plaintiff seeks to challenge is the alleged breach of fiduciary duty—the failure to follow through on the new representations supposedly made to him during the November 2017 hearing. Furthermore, at the time of the hearing, plaintiff could not have even known that the attorneys' assurances were misrepresentations, let alone that he should challenge them as such. The court remanded with instructions that plaintiff's motion for leave to amend be granted. View "Rohi v. Brewer" on Justia Law

The Fifth Circuit held that the Bankruptcy Court had the equitable power emanating from 11 U.S.C. 105(a) to correct any error it may have committed in changing the date of the first creditors' meeting after the case was transferred out of the Eastern District. In this case, the Objectors reasonably relied on the issuance by the Northern District Bankruptcy Court's Clerk of a second, later date for the section 341(a) initial creditors' meeting and a corresponding new, later deadline for filing objections to discharge. The court also held that the Bankruptcy Court correctly denied debtor's discharge under section 727(a)(4)(A), and that the Bankruptcy Court was correct in finding that debtors' discharge could also be denied under section 727(a)(5). View "Yaquinto v. Ward" on Justia Law

In 2001-2013, Ridgeway worked for Stryker, which believed that Ridgeway intended to use its confidential business information at his next job. Stryker sued Ridgeway. A jury found that Ridgeway had breached his contractual obligations, breached his fiduciary duty, and violated Michigan’s Uniform Trade Secrets Act (MUTSA) and that the MUTSA violation was willful and malicious for purposes of an award of attorney’s fees. Ridgeway filed a Chapter 11 bankruptcy. The automatic stay caused by the filing of the petition prevented Stryker from making an attorney’s fee request in the Michigan proceedings. Stryker filed a proof of claim for $2,272,369.54, supported by hundreds of pages of time entries; the amount claimed and the corresponding time entries do not just relate to the lawyers’ work on the MUTSA claim. Stryker argued that, under the “Common Core” doctrine, its win on the MUTSA claim entitles it to attorney’s fees for all of its claims. Ridgeway argued that fee recovery under the Common Core doctrine “is reserved for fee awards in civil rights cases.”The bankruptcy court allowed Stryker’s proof of claim, including fees claimed under the Common Core doctrine. The district court and Fifth Circuit affirmed. Ridgeway has not shown that Michigan law requires statutory attorney’s fees to be “proved at trial.” The court upheld the striking of Ridgeway's "Common Core" objection as a sanction. Ridgeway did not comply with a court order to specify to which charges his objection applied. View "Ridgeway v. Stryker Corp." on Justia Law